Computing

Using gdb as a serial log console

So, I’m doing some development on a Cortex M3-based device with access to only one serial port, and that serial port is doing double-duty as serial console and polling a Modbus energy meter.  How do I get log messages out?

My code actually implements the stubs to direct stdout and stderr transparently to the serial port, however this has to go to /dev/null when the Modbus port is in use.  That said, _write_r still gets called, in my code, it is possible to set a breakpoint inside the _write_r function when traffic is identified for the console.

As it happens, gdb can be told to not only break there, but to perform a series of actions.  In my case serial.c:659 is the file and line number inside an if branch that handles the console code.  Setting up gdb to print this data out requires the following statements:

(gdb) break serial.c:659
(gdb) commands
Type commands for breakpoint(s) 3, one per line.
End with a line saying just "end".
>set ((char*)buf)[cnt] = 0
>print (char*)buf
>continue
>end
(gdb) c

The result:

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=78) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$51 = 0x200068c0 "/home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/demo/main.c:226 Registration sent\r\n"

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=46) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$52 = 0x200068c0 "Received NTP time is Mon Nov  6 04:13:41 2017\n"

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=2) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$53 = 0x200068c0 "\r\n"

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=89) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$54 = 0x200068c0 "/home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/demo/main.c:115 Registration timeout: 30 sec\r\n"

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=83) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$55 = 0x200068c0 "/home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/demo/main.c:130 Select source address:\r\n"

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=53) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$56 = 0x200068c0 " ? fdde:ad00:beef:0:0:ff:fe00:a400 Pref=Y Valid=Y\r\n"

Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=15) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$57 = 0x200068c0 " ? Selected\r\n"

---Type  to continue, or q  to quit---
Breakpoint 3, _write_r (ptr=, fd=0, buf=0x200068c0, cnt=78) at /home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/src/serial.c:659
659			if (serial_console_target.port) {
$58 = 0x200068c0 "/home/stuartl/vrt/projects/widesky/hub/hal/demo/main.c:226 Registration sent\r\n"

Not as nice as having a dedicated port, but better than nothing.

Solar Cluster: WTF

So… with the new controller we’re able to see how much current we’re getting from the solar.  I note they omit the solar voltage, and I suspect the current is how much is coming out of the MPPT stage, but still, it’s more information than we had before.

With this, we noticed that on a good day, we were getting… 7A.

That’s about what we’d expect for one panel.  What’s going on?  Must be a wiring fault!

I’ll admit when I made the mounting for the solar controller, I didn’t account for the bend radius in the 6gauge wire I was using, and found it was difficult to feed it into the controller properly.  No worries, this morning at 4AM I powered everything off, took the solar controller off, drilled 6 new holes a bit lower down, fed the wires through and screwed them back in.

Whilst it was all off, I decided I’d individually charge the batteries.  So, right-hand battery came first, I hook the mains charger directly up and let ‘er rip.  Less than 30 minutes later, it was done.

So, disconnect that, hook up the left hand battery.  45 minutes later the charger’s still grinding away.  WTF?

Feel the battery… it is hot!  Double WTF?

It would appear that this particular battery is stuffed.  I’ve got one good one though, so for now I pull the dud out and run with just the one.

I hook everything up,  do some final checks, then power the lot back up.

Things seem to go well… I do my usual post-blackout dance of connecting my laptop up to the virtual instance management VLAN, waiting for the OpenNebula VM to fire up, then log into its interface (because we’re too kewl to have a command line tool to re-start an instance), see my router and gitea instances are “powered off”, and instruct the system to boot them.

They come up… I’m composing an email, hit send… “Could not resolve hostname”… WTF?  Wander downstairs, I note the LED on the main switch flashing furiously (as it does on power-up) and a chorus of POST beeps tells me the cluster got hard-power-cycled.  But why?  Okay, it’s up now, back up stairs, connect to the VLAN, re-start everything again.

About to send that email again… boompa!  Same error.  Sure enough, my router is down.  Wander downstairs, and as I get near, I hear the POST beeps again.  Battery voltage is good, about 13.2V.  WTF?

So, about to re-start everything, then I lose contact with my OpenNebula front-end.  Okay, something is definitely up.  Wander downstairs, and the hosts are booting again.  On a hunch I flick the off-switch to the mains charger.  Klunk, the whole lot goes off.  There’s no connection to the battery, and so when the charger drops its power to check the battery voltage, it brings the whole lot down.

WTF once more?  I jiggle some wires… no dice.  Unplug, plug back in, power blinks on then off again.  What is going on?

Finally, I pull right-hand battery out (the left-hand one is already out and cooling off, still very warm at this point), 13.2V between the negative terminal and positive on the battery, good… 13.2V between negative and the battery side of the isolator switch… unscrew the fuse holder… 13.2V between fuse holder terminal and the negative side…  but 0V between negative side on battery and the positive terminal on the SB50 connector.

No apparent loose connections, so I grab one of my spares, swap it with the existing fuse.  Screw the holder back together, plug the battery back in, and away it all goes.

This is the offending culprit.  It’s a 40A 5AG fuse.  Bought for its current carrying capacity, not for the “bling factor” (gold conductors).

If I put my multimeter in continuance test mode and hold a probe on each end cap, without moving the probes, I hear it go open-circuit, closed-circuit, open-circuit, closed-circuit.  Fuses don’t normally do that.

I have a few spares of these thankfully, but I will be buying a couple more to replace the one that’s now dead.  Ohh, and it looks like I’m up for another pair of batteries, and we will have a working spare 105Ah once I get the new ones in.

On the RAM front… the firm I bought the last lot through did get back to me, with some DDR3L ECC SO-DIMMs, again made by Kingston.  Sounded close enough, they were 20c a piece more (AU$855 for 6 vs $AU864.50).

Given that it was likely this would be an increasing problem, I thought I’d at least buy enough to ensure every node had two matched sticks in, so I told them to increase the quantity to 9 and to let me know what I owe them.

At first they sent me the updated invoice with the total amount (AU$1293.20).  No problems there.  It took a bit of back-and-forth before I finally confirmed they had the previous amount I sent them.  Great, so into the bank I trundle on Thursday morning with the updated invoice, and I pay the remainder (AU$428.70).

Friday, I get the email to say that product was no longer available.  They instead, suggested some Crucial modules which were $60 a piece cheaper.  Well, when entering a gold mine, one must prepare themselves for the shaft.

Checking the link, I found it: these were non-ECC.  1Gbit×64, not 1Gbit×72 like I had ordered.  In any case I was over it, I fired back an email telling them to cancel the order and return the money.  I was in no mood for Internet shopper Russian Roulette.

It turns out I can buy the original sticks through other suppliers, just not in the quantities I’m after.  So I might be able to buy one or two from a supplier, I can’t buy 9.  Kingston have stopped making them and so what’s left is whatever companies have in stock.

So I’ll have to move to something else.  It’d be worth buying one stick of the original type so I can pair it with one of the others, but no more than that.  I’m in no mood to do this in a few years time when parts are likely to be even harder to source… so I think I’ll bite the bullet and go 16GB modules.  Due to the limits on my debit card though, I’ll have to buy them two at a time (~$900AUD each go).  The plan is:

  1. Order in two 16GB modules and an 8GB module… take existing 8GB module out of one of the compute nodes and install the 16GB modules into that node.  Install the brand new 8GB module and the recovered 8GB module into two of the storage nodes.  One compute node now has 32GB RAM, and two storage nodes are now upgraded to 16GB each.  Remaining compute node and storage node each have 8GB.
  2. Order in two more 16GB modules… pull the existing 8GB module out of the other compute node, install the two 16GB modules.  Then install the old 8GB module into the remaining storage node.  All three storage nodes now have 16GB each, both compute nodes have 32GB each.
  3. Order two more 16GB modules, install into one compute node, it now has 64GB.
  4. Order in last two 16GB modules, install into the other compute node.

Yes, expensive, but sod it.  Once I’ve done this, the two nodes doing all the work will be at their maximum capacity.  The storage nodes are doing just fine with 8GB, so 16GB should mean there’s plenty of RAM for caching.

As for virtual machine management… I’m pretty much over OpenNebula.  Dealing with libvirt directly is no fun, but at least once configured, it works!  OpenNebula has a habit of not differentiating between a VM being powered off (as in, me logging into the guest and issuing a shutdown), and a VM being forcefully turned off by the host’s power getting yanked!

With one, there should be some event fired off by libvirt to tell OpenNebula that the VM has indeed turned itself off.  With the latter, it should observe that one moment the VM is there, and next it isn’t… the inference being that it should still be there, and that perhaps that VM should be re-started.

This could be a libvirt limitation too.  I’ll have to research that.  If it is, then the answer is clear: we ditch libvirt and DIY.  I’ll have to research how I can establish a quorum and schedule where VMs get put, but it should be doable without the hassle that OpenNebula has been so far, and without going to the utter tedium that is OpenStack.

Solar Cluster: Solar controller replaced, upgrading RAM and VM management

So, this morning I decided to shut the whole lot down and switch to the new solar controller.  There’s some clean-up work to be done, but for now, it’ll do.  The new controller is a Powertech MP3735.  Supposedly this one can deliver 30A, and has programmable float and bulk charge voltages.  A nice feature is that it’ll disconnect the load when it drops below 11V, so finding the batteries at 6V should be a thing of the past!  We’ll see how it goes.

I also put in two current shunts, one on the feed into/out of the battery, and one to the load.  Nothing is connected to monitor these as yet, but some research suggested that while in theory it is just an op-amp needed, that op-amp has to deal with microvolt differences and noise.

There are instrumentation amplifiers designed for that, and a handy little package is TI’s INA219B.  This incorporates aforementioned amplifier, but also adds to that an ADC with an I²C interface.  Downside is that I’ll need an MCU to poll it, upside is that by placing the ADC and instrumentation amp in one package, it should cut down noise, further reduced if I mount the chip on a board bolted to the current shunt concerned.  The ADC measures bus voltage and temperature as well.  Getting this to work shouldn’t be hard.  (Yes, famous last words I know.)

A few days ago, I also placed an order for some more RAM for the two compute nodes.  I had thought 8GB would be enough, and in a way it is, except I’ve found some software really doesn’t work properly unless it has 2GB RAM available (Gitea being one, although it is otherwise a fantastic Git repository manager).  By bumping both these nodes to 32GB each (4×8GB) I can be less frugal about memory allocations.

I can in theory go to 16GB modules in these boxes, but those were hideously expensive last time I looked, and had to be imported.  My debit card maxes out at $AU999.99, and there’s GST payable on anything higher anyway, so there goes that idea.  64GB would be nice, but 32GB should be enough.

The fun bit though, Kingston no longer make DDR3 ECC SO-DIMMs.  The mob I bought the last lot though informed me that the product is no longer available, after I had sent them the B-Pay payment.  Ahh well, I’ve tossed the question back asking what do they have available that is compatible.

Searching for ECC SODIMMs is fun, because the search engines will see ECC and find ECC DIMMs (i.e. full-size).  When looking at one of these ECC SODIMM unicorns, they’ll even suggest the full-size version as similar.  I’d love to see the salespeople try to fit the suggested full-size DIMM into the SODIMM socket and make it work!

The other thing that happens is the search engine sees ECC and see that that’s a sub-string of non-ECC.  Errm, yeah, if I meant non-ECC, I’d have said so, and I wouldn’t have put ECC there.

Crucial and Micron both make it though, here’s hoping mixing and matching RAM from different suppliers in the same bank won’t cause grief, otherwise the other option is I pull the Kingston sticks out and completely replace them.

The other thing I’m looking at is an alternative to OpenNebula.  Something that isn’t a pain in the arse to deploy (like OpenStack is, been there, done that), that is decentralised, and will handle KVM with a Ceph back-end.

A nice bonus would be being able to handle cross-architecture QEMU VMs, in particular for ARM and MIPS targets.  This is something that libvirt-based solutions do not do well.

I’m starting to think about ways I can DIY that solution.  Blockchain was briefly looked at, and ruled out on the basis that while it’d be good for an audit log, there’s no easy way to index it: reading current values would mean a full-scan of the blockchain, so not a solution on its own.

CephFS is stable now, but I’m not sure how file locking works on it.  Then there’s object storage itself, librados.  I’m not sure if there’s a database engine that can interface to that, or maybe to Amazon S3 storage (radosgw can emulate that), that’ll be the next step.  Lots to think about.

Solar Cluster: BCDC1225 switching between solar and mains not reliable

So yeah, it seems history repeats itself.  The Redarc BCDC1225 is not reliable in switching between solar inputs and 12V input derived from the mains.

At least this morning’s wake-up call was a little later in the morning:

From: ipmi@hydrogen.ipmi.lan
To: stuartl@longlandclan.id.au
Subject: IPMI hydrogen.ipmi.lan
Message-Id: <20171023194305.72ECB200C625@atomos.longlandclan.id.au>
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2017 05:43:05 +1000 (EST)

Incoming alert
IP : xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Hostname: hydrogen.ipmi.lan
SEL_TIME:"1970/01/27 02:03:00" 
SENSOR_NUMBER:"30"
SENSOR_TYPE:"Voltage          "
SENSOR_ID:"12V             " 
EVENT_DESCRIPTION:"Lower Critical going low                                         "
EVENT_DIRECTION:"Assertion  "
EVENT SEVERITY:"non-critical"

We’re now rigging up the Xantrex charger that I was using in early testing and will probably use that for mains. I have a box wired up with a mains SSR for switching power to it.  I think that’ll be the long-term plan and the Redarc charger will be retired from service, perhaps we might use it in some non-critical portable station.

Solar Cluster: Solar Testing

So I’ve now had the solar panels up for a month now… and so far, we’ve had a run of very overcast or wet days.

Figures… and we thought this was the “sunshine state”?

I still haven’t done the automatic switching, so right now the mains power supply powers the relay that switches solar to mains.  Thus the only time my cluster runs from solar is when either I switch off the mains power supply manually, or if there’s a power interruption.

The latter has not yet happened… mains electricity supply here is pretty good in this part of Brisbane, the only time I recall losing it for an extended period of time was back in 2008, and that was pretty exceptional circumstances that caused it.

That said, the political football of energy costs is being kicked around, and you can bet they’ll screw something up, even if for now we are better off this side of the Tweed river.

A few weeks back, with predictions of a sunny day, I tried switching off the mains PSU in the early morning and letting the system run off the solar.  I don’t have any battery voltage logging or current logging as yet, but the system went fine during the day.  That evening, I turned the mains back on… but the charger, a Redarc BCDC1225, seemingly didn’t get that memo.  It merrily let both batteries drain out completely.

The IPMI BMCs complained bitterly about the sinking 12V rail at about 2AM when I was sound asleep.  Luckily, I was due to get up at 4AM that day.  When I tried checking a few things on the Internet, I first noticed I didn’t have a link to the Internet.  Look up at the switch in my room and saw the link LED for the cluster was out.

At that point, some choice words were quietly muttered, and I wandered downstairs with multimeter in hand to investigate.  The batteries had been drained to 4.5V!!!

I immediately performed some load-shedding (ripped out all the nodes’ power leads) and power-cycled the mains PSU.  That woke the charger up from its slumber, and after about 30 seconds, there was enough power to bring the two Ethernet switches in the rack online.  I let the voltage rise a little more, then gradually started re-connecting power to the nodes, each one coming up as it was plugged in.

The virtual machine instances I had running outside OpenNebula came up just fine without any interaction from me, but  it seems OpenNebula didn’t see it fit to re-start the VMs it was responsible for.  Not sure if that is a misconfiguration, or if I need to look at an alternate solution.

Truth be told, I’m not a fan of libvirt either… overly complicated for starting QEMU VMs.  I might DIY a solution here as there’s lots of things that QEMU can do which libvirt ignores or makes more difficult than it should be.

Anyway… since that fateful night, I have on two occasions run the cluster from solar without incident.  On the off-chance though, I have an alternate charger which I might install at some point.  The downside is it doesn’t boost the 12V input like the other one, so I’d be back to using that Xantrex charger to charge from mains power.

Already, I’m thinking about the criteria for selecting a power source.  It would appear there are a few approaches I can take, I can either purely look at the voltages seen at the solar input and on the battery, or I can look at current flow.

Voltage wise, I tried measuring the solar panel output whilst running the cluster today.  In broad daylight, I get 19V off the panels, and at dusk it’s about 16V.

Judging from that, having the solar “turn on” at 18V and “turn off” at 15V seems logical.  Using the comparator approach, I’d need to set a reference of 16.5V and tweak the hysteresis to give me a ±3V swing.

However, this ignores how much energy is actually being produced from solar in relation to how much is being consumed.  It is possible for a day to start off sunny, then for the weather to cloud over.  Solar voltage in that case might be sitting at the 16V mentioned.

If the current is too low though, the cluster will drain more power out than is going in, and this will result in the exact conditions I had a few weeks ago: a flat battery bank.  Thus I’m thinking of incorporating current shunts both on the “input” to the battery bank, and to the “output”.  If output is greater than input, we need mains power.

There’s plenty of literature about interfacing to current shunts.  I’ll have to do some research, but immediately I’m thinking an op-amp running from the battery configured as a non-inverting DC gain block with the inputs going to either side of the current shunt.

Combining the approaches is attractive.  So turn on when solar exceeds 18V, turn off when battery output current exceeds battery input current.  A dual op-amp, a dual comparator, two current shunts, a R-S flip-flop and a P-MOSFET for switching the relay, and no hysteresis calculations needed.

Solar Cluster: Solar Panel Installation

So… there came a weekend where two of us were free, and we had the bits organised, we could install the panels themselves.

We mounted two rails to the metal roof, then one by one, I’d terminate a cable with the solar connectors, I’d pass the panel up where my father would mount it to the rails, then the cable would be passed up, connected to the panel, then the unterminated end tossed over the gutter.

Once we were certain of cable length, I’d cut it to length (a fun job cutting a live cable), then the process would repeat.

We started about 8AM and we’re now pretty much finished the actual panel installation. We need to get some conduit to better protect the cable, and once the sun is down, I might look at terminating the other ends of the cables via 10A fuses.

This is the installation on the roof as it is now.

There’s space for one more panel, which would give me 480W. There’s also the option of buying more rails and mounting those… plenty of space up there.

DIY DC “power wall” is an option, certainly a 12V feed in the kitchen would be nice for powering the slow cooker and in major weather events, the 12V fridge/freezer.

The cables just run over the edge of the roof, and will terminate under the roof on the back deck.

I’m thinking the fuse box will be about head height, and there’ll be an isolation switch for the 12V feed going (via 8GA cable) downstairs to where the cluster lives.

As it happens, we did a pretty good job estimating the length of cable needed.

The plan is, we’ll get some conduit to run that cable in, as having it run bare across a hot tin roof is not good for its longevity. One evening, I’ll terminate those cables and wire up the fuse box.

I’ve got to think about how I’ll mount the isolation switch, I’m thinking a separate smaller box might be the go there. After that, then I need to work on the automatic switching.

Solar Cluster: Adding Solar

So we’ve got a free weekend where there’ll be two of us to do a solar installation… thus the parts have now been ordered for that installation.

First priority will be to get the panels onto the roof and bring the feed back to where the cluster lives.  The power will come from 3 12V 120W solar panels that will be mounted on the roof over the back deck.  Theoretically these can push about 7A of current with a voltage of 17.6V.

We’ve got similar panels to these on the roof of a caravan, those ones give us about 6A of current when there’s bright sunlight.  The cluster when going flat-chat needs about 10A to run, so with three panels in broad daylight, we should be able to run the cluster and provide about 8A to top batteries up with.

We’ll be running individual feeds of 8-gauge DC cable from each panel down to a fused junction box under the roof on the back deck.  From there, it’ll be 6-gauge DC cable down to the cluster’s charge controller.

Now, we have a relay that switches between mains-sourced DC and the solar, and right now it’s hard-wired to be on when the mains supply is switched on.

I’m thinking that the simplest solution for now will be to use a comparator with some hysteresis.  That is, an analogue circuit.  When the solar voltage is greater than the switchmode DC power supply, we use solar.  We’ll need the hysteresis to ensure the relay doesn’t chatter when the solar voltage gets near the threshold.

The other factor here is that the solar voltage may get as high as 22V or so, thus resistor dividers will be needed both sides to ensure the inputs to the comparator are within safe limits.

The current consumption of this will be minimal, so a LM7809 will probably do the trick for DC power regulation to power the LM311.  If I divide all inputs by 3, 22V becomes ~7.3V, giving us plenty of head room.

I can then use the built-in NPN to drive a P-channel MOSFET that controls the relay.  The relay would connect between MOSFET drain and 0V, with the MOSFET source connecting to the switchmode PSU (this is where the relay connects now).

The solar controller also connects its control line to the MOSFET drain.  To it, the MOSFET represents the ignition switch on a vehicle, starting the engine would connect 12V to the relay and the solar controller control input, connecting the controller’s DC input to the vehicle battery and telling the controller to boost this voltage up for battery charging purposes.

By hooking it up in this manner, and tuning the hysteresis on the comparator, we should be able to handle automatic switch-over between mains power and solar with the minimum of components.

Splitting an mbox on OpenBSD

I have a virtual machine that I set up as a secondary DNS server which runs OpenBSD 6.1.  Today logging into it, I noticed system messages were piling up in /var/mail because I hadn’t configured the mail server to deliver those messages.  Setting up OpenSMTPD was no trouble, but then I had the old mail (thankfully not much) that was still to be delivered.

There are a couple of solutions out there, written in Perl, Python and PHP (urgh!).  I don’t have Python on this box, and the Perl one didn’t seem to work with the mailbox.  So I cooked up my own:

#!/bin/sh

for file in "$@"; do
        grep -n '^From ' ${file} | {
                prev=1
                while read line; do
                        cur=$( echo "${line}" | cut -f 1 -d: )
                        if [ "${prev}" != "${cur}" ]; then
                                sed -ne "${prev},$(( ${cur} - 1 )) p" ${file} > ${prev}.eml
                        fi
                        prev=${cur}
                done
        }
done

If there’s a line in your email body starting with “From “, it may get confused, but it was good enough for the messages that OpenBSD’s daemons send me. I was then able to pipe these individually into sendmail -t to send them on their way.

Configuring Telstra NextG with nmcli on Debian

This is a quick brain-dump, as doing a quick Google search did not help, taking me to a mailing list thread I had posted about 2.5 years ago.  I swear there’s a song in that… something about the dreaded Google Echo.

Anyway, unlike that last occasion where the modem wasn’t even seen at all (and no, I didn’t solve it, we stuffed a 3G dongle in the case in the end), this time around, ModemManager sees it.  It just so happens that nmtui doesn’t do wireless broadband. These were the magic commands.

root@wsg-74fe481fe117:~# nmcli connection edit type gsm con-name telstra-nextg

===| nmcli interactive connection editor |===

Adding a new 'gsm' connection

Type 'help' or '?' for available commands.
Type 'describe [.]' for detailed property description.

You may edit the following settings: connection, gsm, serial, ipv4
nmcli>

From here, we need to set the APN, telstra.internet.

nmcli> set gsm.apn telstra.internet

Having done that, we give the configuration a last check before saving it:

nmcli> print all
… lots of settings …
nmcli> save persistent
Saving the connection with 'autoconnect=yes'. That might result in an immediate activation of the connection.
Do you still want to save? (yes/no) [yes] (enter)
Connection 'telstra-nextg' (57c78d91-4a66-475b-8843-2cba590fbcfd) successfully saved.
nmcli> quit